Technology and Medicine

Telemedicine applications is very broad, depending on the material and its transmission object. For example: teleradiologi, telepatologi, teledermatologi, telekardiologi, telepsikiatri, teleneurologi, teleedukasi, telekonsultasi, telenuklir treatment, and management of trauma teleotorinolaringologi distance. Also known also various other disciplines such as telenursing telemedicine (remote nursing service), and teleprescribing (distance prescription).

Hardware and software is very expensive telemedicine, especially transmission using broadband channel, so that access control centers and server should be in a large center-center. But to be distinguished which can be applied according to ability, and which must wait for the use of high technology. All shipping imaging (image) either real-time echocardiography and film x-ray images, CT-scan or angiogram requires broadband lines and digital networks with high costs.


Telecommunications Options

* A standard telephone line (public switched telephone network; PSTN)
* ISDN (integrated services digital network)
* Satellite Connection
* Wireless Technology
* Connection microwaves
* Leased line
* ATM (asynchronous transfer mode): cell relay technology.
This brought a case of satellite applications for remote health services, among others:

* Medical Information Network of Asia-Pacific region via the ETS-V (Amine - Asia Pacific Medical Information Network via the ETS-V.

The project, implemented by the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) and the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan and supported by Tokai University School of Medicine was established Japanese 25 earth stations that use L-Band VSAT at each station. Earth stations are spread in Thailand, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, China, and Japan.

After four years of operation (1992-1996) was 80% traffic is the traffic like a non-clinical administrative issues, hospital management, and logistics. Therefore the recommended design Amine telemedicine in the future taking into account the traffic-share non-clinical traffic like this. Real results are amines have been successfully saved many patients, especially in developing countries in Asia Pacific.


* Telemedicine via ACTS (Advanced Communications Technology Satellite) - NASA.

ACTS is one of the pioneers in applying telemedicine via satellite. One does eksprimen telemedicine is telemammography, which demonstrate delivery of high-resolution mammography images from rural areas to cities to use satellite access network.

is the image of radiology that can help the detection of breast cancer in early stages. Unfortunately needed an experienced radiologist to interpret these images are not always available rural or small town. It connects the Eksprimen screening in small towns or rural areas with a medical institution in the big city. The success of this program requires integration between satellite and terrestrial infrastructure in medical school campus / hospital, pemoresan images, patient data security, as well as software that controls the process of screening. One of the difficulties faced in this telemammografi image produced is large. For direct digital mammography techniques, 20:1 compression required for images can be transmitted less than 1 minute by using a T1. But this much compression to sacrifice some data on the image. Because it was suggested eksprimen development in addition to the image compression techniques that can improve the system transmits the image faster.