Jumat, 11 September 2009

SOAP



Soap is a surfactant that is used with water for washing and cleaning. Soap is usually printed on the form of a solid rod called because of the history and general shape. Use liquid soap has also been widespread, especially in public facilities. If applied to a surface, soapy water effectively binds the particles in suspension is Soapeasily carried by water. In developing countries, has replaced the synthetic detergent soap for washing tool.

Many soaps are mixtures of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids that can be derived from oils or fats with reacted with an alkali (such as sodium or potassium hydroxide) at a temperature of 80-100 ° C through a process known as saponifikasi. Be hydrolyzed by a fatty base, producing glycerol and crude soap. Traditionally, the alkali used was potassium produced from burning plants, or from wood charcoal. Soap can be made also from plant oils, like olive oil.

Origin of personal hygiene back to prehistoric times. Since water becomes an important part of life, the first person to live near water and knew something what property was clean - at least how to rinse the mud into their hands.

Things like soap found in the form of a tube when excavation of the ancient Babylon was the fact of making soap is known in the year 2800 BC. Offerings on the tube says that the fat is boiled with ashes, which is a method of making soap, but do not use soap on it. Some materials used for the last penggaya hair.

Records show that ancient Egyptians used baths. Eber Papyrus, dar health documents around 1500 BC, describes the combination of animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts to create a kind of soap material to cure skin diseases, also to clean.

At the same time, Moses gave the Israelites personal hygiene regulations. He also links to health and cleanliness of religious purification. Gospel reports suggested that the Israelis knew that the mixture of ash and oil products is the type of hair gel.

Ancient Greeks bathed for aesthetic reasons and apparently did not use soap. Instead, they cleaned their bodies with blocks of wax, sand, pumice and ash, also anoint the body with oil, rub oil and dirt with a metal device called strigil. They also used oil with ashes. Clothes are washed without soap in river.

Soap
get name, among the ancient Roman legend, from Mount Sapo, where animals were sacrificed. The rain cleared a mixture of melted animal fat, or fat and wood ashes under a candle along the Tiber River. The women found that a mixture of wax to make them cleaner with less effort.

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