Bionfarmatics

Bioinformatics (English: bioinformatics) is (the study) the application of computational techniques for managing and analyzing biological information. These fields include the application of mathematical methods, statistics, and informatics to solve biological problems, especially by using DNA sequence and amino acids as well as information related thereto. Examples of the main topics of this field includes database for managing biological information, sequence alignment (sequence alignment), to predict the structure prediction of protein structure and RNA secondary structure, phylogenetic analysis, and expression analysis of ge


Biological sequence data BioinformatikaBasis

In accordance with the type of biological information is stored, a biological sequence database can be a primary database to store the primary sequences of nucleic acids and proteins, the secondary database to store protein sequence motifs, and database structures to store the data structure of nucleic acids and proteins.

The main database for the nucleic acid sequence is GenBank (United States), EMBL (Europe), and DDBJ (en) (DNA Data Bank of Japan, Japan). These three databases are working together and exchange data daily to keep the breadth of coverage of each database. The main source of nucleic acid sequence data is a direct submission of the individual researchers, genome sequencing projects, and the registration of patents. Besides containing nucleic acid sequences, the entries in the database of nucleic acid sequences generally contain information about the type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), a nucleic acid source organisms, and libraries associated with the nucleic acid sequence.

Meanwhile, examples of some important databases that store protein primary sequence is the PIR (Protein Information Resource, United States), Swiss-Prot (European), and TrEMBL (Europe). These three databases have been combined in UniProt (which is funded primarily by the United States). In UniProt entries contain information about protein sequence, a protein source organism, related literature, and comments that generally contains an explanation of the function of these proteins.

BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) is a bioinformatics tool that is closely related to the use of biological sequence databases. BLAST search (BLAST search) on the basis of sequence data allows scientists to search for nucleic acid sequences or protein sequences similar to some he had. This is useful for example to find a similar gene in some organisms or to check the validity of the results of sequencing and gene function to check the sequencing results. Work underlying the algorithm is the BLAST sequence alignment.

PDB (Protein Data Bank Protein Data Bank) is a single database that stores three-dimensional structural models of proteins and nucleic acids results of experimental determination (by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and electron microscopy). GDP store data structure as a three-dimensional coordinates describing the position of atoms in the protein or nucleic acid.