optical telegraph

Optical telegraph communications tool remote sender by using visual signals. This technology does not use the postman, horse, cable, or electricity. This technology allows the messages delivered very quickly. The discovery of this technology became the basis of technology innovation next telegraph. The emergence of this technology 50 years earlier than the invention of electrical technology. Optical telegraph coverage can cover the distance 1380 kilometers per hour. Telegraph conveyed semaphore symbols through the sending and receiving towers. Description as found in the film The Lord Of The Ring.

[edit] History

Before the optical telegraph was found, working principles of this technology has been developed by the Greeks. This is done by putting the torch flame on the fort. Huruf-huruf dikirim dengan mengkombinasikan beberapa api obor tersebut. The people of Carthage and the ancient Romans also used the same technology. But most of the time the telegraph longer optical technology used for war purposes. In 1971, optical telegraph rediscovered and perfected by Claude Chappe the French. This telegraph invention is a revolution. In the decades ahead, made transcontinental network in Europe and America. The first was made connecting Paris and Lille in the French revolution. This relationship as far as 230 kilometers and has a 15 semaphore. The first message is delivered news of military victory over Austria. This message can be delivered in less than half an hour. Transmission of 1 symbol from Paris to Lille could happen within 10 minutes, about 1380 kilometers per hour. Faster than a modern aircraft found a half-century later.

[edit] How it Works

Optical telegraph network consisted of a series of towers. Each set is 5 to 20 kilometers of each other. In each tower, there is a wooden semaphore and 2 telescope on it (the telescope was invented in 1600). Semaphore has two signaling arms, each of which can be positioned at the 7 position. Basic wood can also be played in 4 positions, so allowing 196 different positions. Each position represents a code for letters, numbers, words, or part of a sentence. Each tower has a telegrafer, who saw through the telescope tower beside it. If the semaphore from the tower shows a position, the symbol telegrafer copy the tower itself. Then he used a telescope to see whether the tower telegrafer after he copied it with the correct symbol. In this way, the message conveyed by the symbol symbol from one tower to another tower. Semaphore controlled with 2 handles. Telegrafer can have a speed of 1 to 3 symbols per minute.

[edit] Development

This technology is developing so quickly. In less than 50 years, France to build a national infrastructure with more than 530 towers and a total distance of nearly 5,000 kilometers. Associated with Strasbourg Paris, Amsterdam, Toulon, Perpignan, Lyon, Turin, Milan, and Venice. In the early 19th century, a short message from Amsterdam to Venice can be sent without cables within an hour. Several years before, a messenger on a horse requires at least a month to do the same thing.

This system is replicated on a large scale by countries other. Sweden to develop a network in whole country. This step is followed by the British and Americans. Not long after that, Spain, Germany and Russia to build the infrastructure of large-scale optical telegraph. Most of these countries made a variation of the optical telegraph of their own, such as using a shutter (shutter). Sweden to develop a system that is twice as fast, established spanish windproof telegraph. After that, the optical telegraph was also used in the shipping and rail traffic.

Original network between European countries had never really existed. Liaison between Amsterdam and Venice were short-lived. When Napoleon expelled from the Netherlands, his telegraph network was dismantled. The Spanish, on the other hand started a little late. Network in this country only when the technology selasai started not used in other countries. Optical telegraph network is only used for military purposes and the country, ordinary people have no access. Although previously used to send the message that winning lottery numbers and stock market data.